Leadership. Methods, Models and Theories

	└► Dexter J. Davis, Ed. D (USA)	MLQ Questionaire	"You can purchase the rights to use the study and that includes the instruction on how to administer and score the instrument... The company is called Mind Garden."
	└► Nagaraj (India)	Book on Leadership	"Hi the book "Leadership Wisdom" by Robin Sharma may give you more knowledge."

                     
                      └► Julie Garnett (United Kingdom)
                      
                    Law of Leadership
                    "Currently studying L5 Prof Mgmt diploma and feel that the best model to follow is Goleman, Emotional Intelligence. There's loads of stuff on Goleman at 12manage."

└► Frederick Price Md (USA)	Titles in Leadership Matter	"I agree, it is not necessary to have a title to lead. But a title, whether educational or positional, definitely makes a difference to outsiders. When Jaap first contacted me, I knew he was with 12manage. But once I discovered he was the CEO, it definitely changed the dynamics of the conversation. I am expecting that my educational titles will grant me much credibility once I start my business."
└► Shankaranand L (India)	True Leader	"I agree with you that the title is important for the outsiders' perspective, but a true leader is one who is true to him/herself and work as a leader no matter which tasks he/she takes up, and delivers the result."
└► Frederick Price (U. S.)	True Leader	"I can agree with that one. A true leader must first be true to himself; otherwise, how will he inspire those around him?"
└► K. M. Balasubramaniam (India)	Leadership is not Single Title to Be Earned	"If you don't have personal traits, leadership cannot be generated. One needs to have lofty principles and adhere to them in his personal efforts. The title follows."
└► Lydia Yulianti (Indonesia)	Leader Without Title	"I agree with you and I think it depends on a context. When we talk about an informal group, for example a peer study, there is no title in there. When the peer group should finish a kind of task or achieve some goals, there should be a leader to influence, manage, motivate, and enables the members of group to achieve their goals. In this context, that leader has no title but he/she can lead his/her group to achieve their goals."

└► Cecil Joel David (India)	5 Steps to Self Leadership	"Mr Khuram, I feel that leadership is required at every level of the organization. For me being proactive enough to complete one's task, even at the front line level of hierarchy, in the best possible manner and at the same time keeping the best interests of the organization intact is as much an example of leadership as is, for example steering the organization from loss to profit making by the top most leader. I also feel that the development/ encouragement of self-leadership can be made possible in five steps: a) selection of the best person available for the job b) giving the person a clear understanding of the expectations from his or her role c) mentoring and coaching of the best quality be provided to the person d) providing the person with ample space to perform as well as realigning the person to the vision of the organization and hence in a way reminding, reiterating expectations, and e) having faith not only in his or her capability but also the mentors effectiveness and judgment."
└► Tony Cross (SA)	Self-leadership	"Reminds me of... - What a person needs to be told to be 'productive' or show leadership... - What the job/task is - How to do it - Why (the bigger picture) he / she is doing it - What the standard expected is - How is he/she doing? (feedback) etc"
└► Michael Noble (Canada)	Self-leadership	"Deming talked about instituting leadership through helping people do a better job and through learning through objective measures who is in need of individual assistance. This was profound advice in the '40s and '50s. While the core instilling leadership rings true, our techniques may differ. We promote individual strength, confidence and vision through instilling a culture of quality. Some are prepared to take the step to leadership, others still strong and valuable workers, are not. A vibrant and successful organization can accommodate and reward both."

                     
                      └► Anand Shankar (India)
                      
                    Leadership Book
                    "Hello, I hope you can use the following book "The Winning" by Jack Welch.."

└► Gurmeet (India)	The incomplete leader	"Very sensible observation. The concept of distributed leadership is practicable and also ensures participation and ownership across the team."
└► Zdzislaw (USA)	Incomplete Leader	"The idea presented by Donald is such an important idea. I see too many leadership coaches come in and create expectations that no one could ever satisfy. The idea of building a leadership team to complement strengths is important. Not only does it address limitations of each leader but it also enhances the organizations capability to respond to emerging situatons better. Different situations require different leadership styles, by building a team with complementary strengths dramatically increases an organizations ability to deal with different circumstances."
└► Debbie Payne (Canada)	The Incomplete Leader	"The question, should we stop expecting so much of leaders in organizations, as related to being the "perfect leader" strikes me as odd in some ways. My sense is we should be expecting more of leaders, not perfection, but more different leadership and leadership that is holistic, with a stronger focus on development of employees as leaders. We need the the right leaders in the right positions at the right time AND we need them to recognize this, and recognize when they need to move to another place/time to contribute in new ways."
└► Odukoya S.O.A. (Nigeria)	Incomplete Leader	"I think what we should be talking about is not a perfect leader but perfect leadership, and I will like to inform you that there is perfect leadership BUT that is something only the Holy Spirit can do in a mortal man."
└► Arnaud (France)	Self Aware Thus Completed Leader	"I also agree with Donald on distributed leadership. Each and every "great leader" has limitations, just like every human being. The difference is that they are self-conscious of these limitations and found a way (through people / organization / environment) to offset them. The true leader is surrounded by good people who compensate his/her weaknesses."
└► Angie (Philippines)	Incomplete Leader	"I believe, no human is perfect and so no Leader is a perfect because he/she is a human being. BUT I believe there is a PERFECT LEADERSHIP. Leadership in simple term is how you move people towards development. If people around you have reached that development each of them desires, then your leadership is perfect!"

└► Erik Ottosson (Sweden)	Leadership and Ownership	"Dr Hemjiths reflection on leadership is truly beautiful. I´m greateful for his contribution. As I understand the essence of "Leadership with Ownership", a leader can make use of the individual energy of the followers, who will react spontaneously as soon as they become "owners". This view on leadership clearly brings the issue of individual responsibility to the surface. A leader can have good or bad intentions, but as soon as the threshold of ownership is past, people will follow their leader, the logical reflections will come later, in the light of the factual events and with second thougt. Often too late, Hitler, Mao et.al have proven this."
└► Paulo Caius (Spain)	Leadership deals with people	"Leadership is something related to people and how they are organized in order to achieve goals. During past decades, we could see many theories and all of them can fail or win according to our skills commanding people and generate wealth to be distributed according the culture of each organization. BSC is a fundamental tool as well as Business Intelligence. Many case studies in the world can be analysed and all of them depend on the capability of approaching the social science of the organization. So, before incorporating all of these great practices, please try to understand if you will be able to engage humans on that."
└► Ahmed Altaf (India)	Leadership and Ownership	"I truly agree with the concept of non-existance of leadership without Ownership only when we talk in terms of Organisation and Business. But leadership as a whole does exist without Ownership. A good example we have is 'Gandhiji' who was not the owner of anything but he took a step further for Freedom and succeeded."
└► Al Gates (Canada)	Leadership	"I think Leadership is 'Emotion in Motion'."
└► Patric Hohl (Germany)	Ownership	"last sentence of Dr Hemjith reflection is for me the strongest one. Leader will influence world, companies, but if their behaviour, and use of their powerfull skills, are self oriented and not people or company, it will not help the system in a sustainable way. Ownership is adding value to the whole, not the one."

└► Gerald C. (UK)	Universal Leadership Concept	"I agree. Interestingly, there is a leadership theory that actually says there is no universal best leadership method or style. The best leadership approach depends on various internal and external constraints (factors) or as you call it: the context. See "Contingency Theory" on this page for more info."
└► Alex Lowy (Canada)	Leadership and Decision Making	"There is a view that still prevails in many places that effective leaders are especially capable of making tough decisions, even in the face of time pressures, little data and much ambiguity. The best leaders resist doing this however, recognizing that higher levels of complexity and uncertainty often demand patience, dialogue and sustained attention from a host of affected parties. Great leaders recognize the difference between decisions, problems and dilemmas, and treat them differently. They make decisions, solve problems and manage and exploit dilemmas."
└► K. Venkatesh (India)	Leadership means Influence	"Leading is influencing without coercion or authority. Leadership demands an ability to sell a vision and create a consensus and realizing the vision. For people to buy the leader's vision, the leader has to exercise influence over the team. Mahatma Gandhi's leadership is an excellent example of influencing masses to buy his vision of satyagraha struggle for Indian independence. It was unusual to follow such a path. Ernst Shakleton showed resilience and poise in face of adversity to show his mean what grit means. Few would have had Shakleton's strength of mind in his failed attempt to reach South Pole when his ship hit a ice formation. He converted every adversity into opportunity and brought all his men back alive despite harsh conditions. Any leader should show what it means to reach the goal and lead by example. Mahatma Gandhi and Ernst Shakleton showed extraordinary skills of leadership to realize their dream."
└► Leo1 (NZ)	Leadership is what you want it to be	"Rely more on our feelings and doing the right thing"
└► Eddie (UK)	Leadership is context specific	"The old saying that no one size fits all, truly holds in this case - "no one leadership style fits all situation". This is the essence of the contingency theory!"
└► Souvik (India)	Leadership styles	"Leading from the front in different situations applying different styles that suits each situation develops a leader."

└► Barbara (USA)	Bennis viewpoint on Leadership	"More recently Bennis mentions 4 somewhat different factors that are essential for leaders in an environment of complexity and turbo-change, regardless of culture and context: 1. Adaptive capacity (sense of resilience, hardiness and creativity, seizing opportunities, learning)(~Management of Attention?). 2. Capacity to engage followers in a shared meaning (~Management of Meaning). 3. Finding out who they temselves are (emotional intelligence, ~Management of Self). 4. Rely on a moral compasss (a set of principles, a belief system, a set of convictions). Depending on the context these 4 factors need to be supplemented with other factors. (Business, The Ult. Resource, 2nd edition, p259)"
└► Barbara (USA)	Background Bennis	"To appreciate the leadership thinking of Bennis well, you should know that he grew up during WWII, at the time when iconic figures such as Churchill, Roosevelt, Hitler and Mussolini were dominating the world. Furthermore, Bennis was an admirer of Douglas McGregor (Theory X Y). Bennis' thinking implements Theory Y from the perspective of leadership."
└► Stan Heard (USA)	Management and Leadership	"It seems that Leadership has been successfully removed from the work of Management in most everyone's mind. Management was once seen as the blending of four functions - Planning, Organizing, Leading and Auditing. Leadership was seen as the work a manager does to inspire others to pursue the goals of the organization. Since Bennis has a new POEM for management, I wonder if anyone has ever successfully Executed in an organizational environment without Leading. Once you remove Leading as work that a Manager does, you can and must create all sorts of plausible reasons for failure. In the end it is all Leadership Failure. Maybe we should re-unite the concepts of Leadership and Management."
└► David Arnold (USA)	Natures of Managers and Leaders	"Maybe a more fundamental viewpoint of management versus leadership perspectives lies within their (which I think Bennis is trying to luminate). Manager - Tactics, shorter scope, objective based, detail driven (reacts to situations, plans based upon more immediate objectives) Leader - Strategy, broad based, long range, directional (views threats, opportunities, resource needs, needed compentencies, etc.)"
└► Innocent Ndlela (South Africa)	Nature of Managers and Leaders	"The two must go hand in hand for me and I agree with Stan. For me a Leader is some one who has operational involvement in the acronym Planning Organising and Execution Monitoring. I wouldnt really seperate the two. Thanks"
└► ARIS (Greece)	Managers and Leaders	"When the two have ever been separated, the two functions are one. You can't have one without the other, like love and marriage. One needs the other to exist. It is a simple case of good cop (leader) and bad cop (manager). Hey, even Mr. president elect, is using this."
└► Sunil Saraf (India)	Leadership & Management	"Agreeing with others, it is opined that Leadership is the soul of Management. This maxim is justified since the whole concept represents a process that originates from the compelling desire and dream envisioning the result, embedded with ability and willingness to move and exploit resources at command, to achieve the said desire. Leadership is the softer aspect of Management that is hard enough to inspire, instill and motivate given resources to deliver the results. If this is not true, the the questions remains: why someone leads?"
└► Nkosinathi Zvimba (Zimbabwe)	Leadership versus Management	"Leadership is setting a new direction or Vision for a group that follows the leader`s vision. A Leader is the spearhead for that new directon. e.g Joshua Nkomo and Nelson Mandela both men were leaders of Armed struggles against oppressive regimes but they never carried a gun to fight the enemies directly but so many people followed their vision of a free society with equal rights for all the people. Management - Controls and directs people or resources in a group according to principles or values that are already established."
└► Ahmed N. Qeshta (Palestine)	Difference Between Leader and Manager	"The leader can be a manager but the manager can not be a leader. The leadership is created with the human because it is a an inherent thing, this means that the management is brought by studying its principles in the schools, institutes and universities however the leadership is not. In spite of this the talk I want to say that the human can gain the leadership via the patience, perseverance and learning the leader character but he can not similar to real leader who is created as a leader, maybe I seem paradoxical with my talks but this is not, I see every word I am saying."
└► John Hannah (United States)	Leadership vs. Management	"I appreciate all that I learned from the various posts regarding this subject matter. However there might be an additional thought that I might suggest. The basic difference in a leader and a manager is the motivation of the one leading. Management denotes control of people, places or things. We all enjoy the title of manager or leader because it tends to elevate us. A leader is not so concerned about control but in accomplishing the vision. Rather than controlling, the leader assists others who want also to reach that vision. This is not to diminish the leader's obligation of sharing and building a vision for the other. Vision of fulfilling a need or passion is what motivates. Once received, the leader then examples and facilitates for the other while pursuing the purpose."

└► Uma Shashikumar (India)	Leadership barries for Women	"Women in Leadership role is challenging. Especially when she is at the Core level. She has to face the ego problem with the male in the top. When she proposes the valued views or ideas, she is been pushed down, ignored and criticized. Leadership role as women is challenging."
└► Ellie M. (USA)	Labyrinth instead of glass ceiling	"In a HBR article (Sept07) Alice Eagly and Linda Caril say there is no glass ceiling (one reason that women cannot reach top functions), but rather a labyrinth of obstacles (at various management levels). They mention the following leadership obstacles for women: 1. Vestiges of prejudice (men still earn more) 2. Resistance to woman's leadership (due to gender stereotyping as described in the comment by Elaine) 3. Issues of leadership style (women struggle to adopt an appropriate leadershipstyle, because of issue #2) 4. Demands of family life 5. Underinvestment in social capital (lack of time to invest in networking: the core work activities plus issue #4 consume all their time)."
└► Ellie M. (USA)	Women reaching the C-Suite	"In another HBR article (June 2008, p.36) , Louann Brizendine adds another reason as to why women don't make it to the C-suite: according to her it's a timing issue. In many companies, the selection for C-suite candidates takes place when managers are in their forties. For men this is a good time, for women not, because at that moment their stress levels are high and their multitasking capabilities are challenged to the maximum. At this age, their preadoloscent and teenage children require a lot of attention at unpredictable times, and also women are beginning to experience normal hormonal changes leading up to menopause. Brizendine recommends to open the window of promotability wider - especially for women."
└► April K (USA)	An Observation	"Ellie, #5 struck a chord for me. I think part of the problem resides with women and scarcity. I do not see women supporting and networking in the same fashion that men do. Social pressures and messaging has developed a false sense of scarcity at the top which puts women in an adversarial position with each other. The results of this are very destructive. I think women hold part of the power to change this equation."

└► Patrick Patrong (USA)	Are Leaders Born or Made?	"To say that Leaders are born, would also say that criminals are also born. Leadership like most attributes are learned behavior. True, some have these learning experiences earlier in life and as a result have more practice. Yet, other have been practicing leadership skills, without a formal definition of leadership."
└► Mellacheruvu (India)	Are Leaders born or made?	"Leaders can certainly be made and one should possess these following faces to become a leader: Charisma, Consideration Intellectual Stimulation Courage Dependability Flexibility Integrity Judgement Respect for others "
└► Jay Watson (USA)	Leaders: born or made?	"A leader is born out of the circumstances surrounding the problem. You can train and groom anyone for anything. If they're unwilling to stand up and take the consequences of their actions however, they won't lead. Leaders are usually those who have the best skill set fit for the given issue that feel the most confident to lead (relatively speaking about those around them). It doesn't matter how they got the confidence to do so, it only matters that they can demonstrate to others that they do."
└► Sandeep Pathak (UAE)	Can leadership be generated or is it born gift?	"I strongly believe that leadership is sure a born gift. One may attempt to develop it but a natural leader only is an effective leader. I would hesitate to recommend learning leadership as a course, one may only refine the skills. During our class projects, sometimes the project leaders were picked up at random. In all such teams where the so called team leaders were not the "leaders", it ended up with a poor output. You can not make somebody to lead. To lead requires certain inbuilt characteristics. How come one may learn to sacrifice? How come one may learn to be visionary? It is not possible. Have you ever noticed when children play the game of teacher and students, why only one or two prefer to become the teacher, not all? There lies the answer. To lead is a passion, and it is better if it is by heart and natural."
└► Daryl Cowie (Canada)	Anyone can lead if they have passion	"Absolutely anyone can learn to lead... if they really want to. I think 2 things can make a leader out of anyone, and you can easily find examples of unlikely heros and leaders all around. First you need to really care about the cause you are leading (everyone is passionate about something - but you need to find it). Second there are some skills you need to learn, and don't ever let anyone tell you you cannot learn them and learn them well. Don't get stuck on one idea of what a great leader is. There are charismatic motivational leaders, commanding directing leaders, empathetic collaberative leaders and analytical leaders who are followed because of their undeniable proof of results. Randomly chosen leaders for school and work projects fail because they lack passion about the project, not because they are missing the leadership gene."
└► Paul Robbins (England)	Leadership: some are more talented than others...	"Like physical skills cognitive skills can be developed to make individuals successful in life including leadership. However some individuals are born with more talent than others. As Woody Allen would say "life is a bitch". There there will be variance in leadership ability which is a mixture of talent and developed skills. A good read is Malcolm Gladwell's "The Outliers" and "Blink" in this aspect. Regards"
└► Sherry Lambrecht (USA)	Leaders are made and born	"Good leaders normally have to have a leadership quality or instinct. The rest is old fashion hard knocks, learning from your mistakes, and what is done with that information."
└► Fakhra Naeem (India)	Leadership	"Leadership is not a born gift it is more based on the traits, experience,l earning and the perception. Leadership is an art or a skill to get the things done accurately and timely. Leadership is a style of influencing others and convince them to follow you. It is basically more of an individual approach that means how a person perceives the things and use his/her skills."
└► M.Ganapathy (India)	Leaders	"Leaders are by birth (Political), but good leaders are by good practice (To lead others towards good). Don't get confused."
└► Gerard Gielkens (Netherlands)	True leaders have the best of both worlds	"True leadership is a golden combination of natural skills by birth and a life-long training of these competentions. Everyone has his own conpetences by birth which are nursed and developed in the first period of childhood. That explains why people without these natural competences don't develop true leadership even if they follows all courses on leadership, and some peolple are great leaders without any training. Therefore, in my opinion true leadership is a combination of natural competences regarding cognition and intuition combined with a continuous proces of learning bij experience and reflection."
└► Lem Usita (USA)	Define Leadership	"I guess it all depends on how you define leadership. I think it is possible for either. I would say that someone who is born a leader and is able to develop their leadership skills is in a good spot, but depending on how you define leadership - everyone can lead and is a leader."
└► Hafeez Anwar Qureshi (Pakistan)	Leaders Can Be Created	"I was a simple person in the society, and dont know about leader & leadership. My teachers gave me an opportunity and now i am leader and love to leads with my knowledge, experience, skills and qualitys. Now i like to say that I can create leaders within 4-6 months. Some times you can call leaders are born but they were provided suitable situations to become leader but not great leader."
└► Pam Boney (USA)	Leadership-From Transformational to Transcendent	"My current belief is that there are qualities of leadership that can be innate, such as natural charisma and a strong internal locus of control. Unbridled this can lead to Transformational Leadership which can certainly achieve exponential results. The problem with it is that if character and self-transcendence are not developed, then the leader may lead large populations astray with a very negative consequence. (ie Maddoff). So, for this reason, I define exemplary leadership as something that is developed through character and will and the outcomes of which are positive. This MUST be developed and can be done by anyone who steps up to the plate to lead. I am proposing a new Leadership formula called Transcendent Leadership including balance in the Four Pillars of Leadership. Self, Others, Organization and Community which must be balanced for positive outcomes."
└► Roe (USA)	LeadershipTested through Time	"I think leadership qualities are tested through time. It takes experimentation with ideas and the willingness to follow through and follow up, then keep up with the maintenance with ongoing evololutionary changes. You develop confidence to try more delegation, discern priorities and understand you must do and what you can do without. Leaders have to learn to persuade, delegate, and dictate when the situation arises. It's a plate spinning act that I have always enjoyed. At an early age I learned that if I wanted something to happen, no one would step up, then it was my opportunity to make something happen. It may have started with a selfish desire, but it led to a lifetime of stepping up to the plate. I would have rather had some control than turn over total control to someone else who may not have my shared passion or vision of the end result. You also have to not be afraid to try and fail. You learn skills that build and build to make you better everytime you try."
└► Bomison Hamidu (Ghana)	Leaders, Born or Made?	"I believe there is no definite or pinpoint answer. It is true that Leadership is a learning process and that it is learnt and developed. It is also true that good leaders must also demonstrate a level of emotional balance in their dealings. Emotional traits are also inherited and born with. For instance an emotional and angry leader cannot be said to be an effective leader because you might loose out the "friendship" and confidence of some of your team members and therefore would not be leading an efficient team. In my opinion therefore, the two must blend. It is also worth noting that a born leader cannot necessarily be an effective or good leader. There are other leadership capabilities and knowledge that has to be learned as well. If I have to take a stand between the two (born or made) then it has to be 20/80. However, I strongly feel that borh are required to be an effective and efficient leader."
└► Ojedokun Olaoluwa A. (Nigeria)	Are Leaders Born / Made?	"I believe that leaders are those who by persistence and hard work have bettered their life and that of others... It's a personal journey.. Leaders are not born, they are self-birthed."
└► M.S.Randawa (Malaysia)	Leaders are Shaped by Persistence	"Leaders are NOT BORN, its the persistence and perseverance over time that modulates and shapes them."
└► Ahmed Ali (Saudi Arabia)	Leaderships, Born or Made	""Born" Leaders are different than "Made" Leaders in the sense that they leave remarkable history behind them. Read about all great world leaders, good or bad, they were leaders from the onset of their life journey"
└► Wiegmans (Netherlands)	Leadership, Born or Created?	"My answer on this question is both biological as psychological. One of the most prominent characteristics of leaders is their dominance. For better or for worse, every leader has the believe he/she has to change or control the context. Biological research tells us that this dominance is more then 90% inherited, you get it from mum and dad. What you do with this genes is based on experience, learning, education, training. I simply don't believe in all these new age hocus pocus like transformational cq transcendent trends. A leader leads, based on his/her vision."
└► Leyla Iss (Sweden)	Leadership, Born or Created	"I´m a student and we´ve been overwhelmed with leadership theories, how to be the best leader and make change... But I think people should focus on how good leaders have been in the past, and learn from them. The most important thing is you can´t create a good leader. There are some biological skills you must have from birth. Of course you can be a better leader with more knowledge... I agree with Wiegmans theory."
└► Frederick Price Md (USA)	Can Leadership Be Generated or is it a Born Gift	"The textbooks say leadership comes from heredity and environment. I do not agree. It is an inborn trait. If a leader is not so born, then the environment aspect will not really matter. Can I back this up? Well, my grandfather was an army colonel who told people what to do. I am a doctor and soon to be CEO. I tell people what to do as well, but responsibly. And all of us have seen non-leaders, people who need to be told what to do. It takes both types to run a company successfully."
└► Daniel Mitchell (Singapore)	The Question - are Leaders Born or Made?	"I think there are personality and even physical traits (eg. Height) that seem to bestow leader-like qualities on some. Some people have all the "stuff" of leadership, but through their actions they lose whatever goodwill others had for them. And some become great ones almost in spite of themselves (Darwin Smith, former CEO of Kimberly-Clark). To me, leadership is an important aspect of what it means to be a well-rounded manager. Have you ever seen a good manager who cannot lead? How about someone who leads without managing? Think of people who're great at visioning but don't have a clue about how to manage major corporate turning points like mergers or change. Mintzberg says, "instead of distinguishing managers from leaders, we should be seeing managers as leaders, and leadership as management practiced well." I, for one, agree."
└► Achintya Sarkar (India)	Leadership Quality Partly Inborn	"If we talk about leadership quality, some part of it can be inculcated some are inborn. One cannot become level-5 leader without those inborn traits."
└► Frederick Price (USA)	Leadership	"I completely agree with you. You either have it, or you don't. And if you don't have it, no amount of study or work will give it to you."
└► Rebecca Roe (USA)	Leadership Quality Partly Inborn	"Some people like to lead, others like to follow. Sometimes leaders emerge from followers based on the mere fact of not being able to survive the outcomes of the present direction. It's a matter of sometimes being in the situation "if I don't do it--no one will". Leaders take risks because of many reasons. No one else will expend the energy or become vulnerable to taking charge of a flailing objective. It is a scary land mine filled situation at times, and you have to be aware of the consequences. But if you feel that you have a great deal at stake--you will step up and become a leader even if it's de facto. Situations make you a leader even if you may not ascribe to being one. Leadership by example can be a positive or negative. Inaction is also leadership of a form. Everyone watches everyone else for direction. In any situation in life, someone will emerge as a leader."
└► Frederick Price (USA)	Leadership	"I would say that some are born to lead, but most to follow. If a leader arises up out of the rabble, then that person was already a leader to begin with. A follower will simply sit there with crowd which is not doing anything. Yes, leadership can be scary. Imagine trying to save a man's life when you have never done it before. But it had to be done. No options; no time for a SWOT. So I did it. And, I was successful."
└► Leyla Iss (Sweden)	Fear of Showing Leadership	"Finally we all agree about the biological skills which are very important for a real and good leader, but there is a good point that even if you have education, inborn skills and you are a leader today but you are afraid of leading your people then you have failure as several leaders in Sweden are afraid of showing that they are the leaders not the staff. The leadership in Sweden is mostly weak and discreet, I´ve compared it with other Nordic countries and in Asia. There leadership is more visible even if they haven´t the inborn skills."
└► Frederick Price (USA)	Effect Culture on Leadership	"I think your people do have the skills. But the culture gets in the way. Leadership is normally distributed, so some in your country should have it. But perhaps they choose not to use it. In my opinion, most Europeans are more reserved than most Americans. We tend to be bold and brash. That's the way I do things much of the time."

                       
                        └► Rev. Dr. David J. Robson (USA)
                        
                      Leadership in the 21st century
                      "We live in a world overwhelmed with knowledge and information. We find it hard to discern good information from bad information. This and other factors are creating great social mistrust. The only way we can truly turn this around is to re-establis trust  is by returning to face to face relationships. In turn, instead of always looking for the latest fad or newest idea, people need to take time and look inward - in other words-  to spend time with themselves."

└► ganesh tiwari (India)	Leaderships for Ethics or Ethics for Leadership	"Leaders don't do different things, but they do things differently ! It's here that one must demarcate the thin lining of self-actualization & self-realization for leaders. Whether (s)he is practicing leadership for ethics or ethics for leadership. In the former case it is self-propelled inner motivation which brings Value Based Development, while in the later case it may be forced or compulsion from external forces where there is every likelihood for deviation & thus imbalanced or unethical development. It is up to the leader to decide which way (s)he goes."
└► William Gomes (Brazil)	Creating and mantaining a culture of continuous improviment	"Yes! The new age will not bring any possibility of less organizational pressure. To do the right thing, right, at the right time is not sufficient from now on, so the leadership challenger is directing the organization collaborators focused on clients, improving and innovating their activities. We are seeing that every one should get the importance of perfect understanding of business process management to transform the ambient in a process oriented organization."
└► Hashem Hamad (Egypt)	Inherited or Acquired	"Ii guess the question "is leadership inherited or acquired" remains unanswered. If leadership is an attitude, then it tends to be inherited rather than acquired."
└► Prakash rao (India)	Learners are leaders	"Learners are leaders. Delearning is also a learning process. Leaders must do "5S" of their mind. It should be kept free for receiving inputs from others. They should constantly change the process."
└► Sampson (Nigeria)	Environment of the Leader	"It might necessary to note that the extent to which a leader uses his or her attributes will depend on the dynamic and fluidity nature of these attributes with respect to the local environment of the leader. The issue on ground at each organization is important. Most leaders acquire all sorts of skills but could meet up with resistance with implementation in the organization. Adaptation of learned and acquired skills is important. Another major aspect to address in the issue of staff motivation especially in developing world like Nigeria where I work and every staff is concerned about what goes home with him or her. The level of poverty and the high illiteracy level poses big challenges even to the best of leaders. The best category of people to lead, manage or govern are the uneducated sets. Their motivational needs are not expensive and mainly physiological but the issue is whether they are the type of group to achieve the organizational goal."
└► Nwene Anthony (Nigeria)	Motivate your Subordinates	"I think to be a good leader, you should also motivate your subordinates adequately for their positive input into the organization. In so doing it's easier for them to key into your vision and help you achieve it and more with little effort."
└► Editor (Netherlands)	Trait Leadership Theory page	"See also our Trait Leadership Theory page for more on traits of leaders."
└► Aurelia Friska (Indonesia)	Leadership	"I agree!"

                       
                        └► William (Botswana)
                        
                      Power Aspect of Triadic Leadership
                      "This is an insightful contribution towards leadership matters. On the power aspect may I add by saying leaders should work hard on learning how not to use power and then that's when the people they lead will see them as human beings something which can bring good relations at work!"

└► Augustus Chuks Valentine (Nigeria)	Challenge for Leaders: Follow-up	"It's one thing to have leadership skills and rudiments, another thing to put your initiatives into action. In my day-to-day activities, I've found out that even when a leader dishes out instructions to be carried out, in most cases, he needs to follow-up on ensuring that the instructions are carried out. Failure to do so, the idea becomes dormant. Augustus Chuks Valentine"
└► Gopalakrishna Bhat (India)	Challenges for Leaders Today: Uncertainty	"Of the several challenges that hunt a leader today, the most severe challenge is the uncertainty of today’s business environment. Today’s economic slump poses a great challenge in taking up any decisions, be it signing up contract, investing in resources, short and long term planning. This is further aggravated by day to day operational challenges."
└► Theresa Rabie (Qatar)	There are Many Challenges for Leaders Today!	"The challenges leaders face today is keeping up with change wrt, the economy, environment, cultural differences, ethics/good governance and business strategy. With globalization the world has got smaller but the role of a leader more diverse."
└► Chandramouli (India)	Risk Taking and Innovation ability	"Some of the challenges a leader faces is how to inculcate (Editor: convince of) his team members of risk taking and out of the box thinking."
└► Aourarh (Morocco)	Challenge for Leaders: Manage HR	"I think the most important challenge of leaders today is how to manage human resources in a company to perform well."
└► Leonard Kambona (Kenya)	Challenge for Leaders: Communicating Change	"It is a challenge for leaders to be able to communicate change in a way that produces less resistance. Especially if the change would affect the people on whose shoulders is the responsibility to make it happen."
└► Jody Locklear (United States)	Biggest Challenge	"Simple: to be honest and maintain personal integrity! This is the principle of effective leadership that we see broken on a routine basis in all disciplines: politics, banking, brokerage firm, retail, pharma, technology, ... All business act on self-interest and compromise on honor."

└► Ashok A Kella (India)	Quick Win Paradox	"True, no companion will give you a walk over or smooth ride, still those who manage earliest break through, get recognition and followers in the organisation. You can be a winner through optimising the use of your team."
└► Venkatakrishnan (India)	Short to Long Term	"Yes, individual to collective is true, at the same time the 5 traps are short lived. Think and act for long term be part of the team. Support, monitor and celebrate the team win."
└► Frances (USA)	New Management Position	"I lived that New Management position and I found that listening and asking a few questions to understand those who work for you and those you work for is key in the first 6 months of a new mgmt position. People don't always want you to solve their problems, they want you to listen and let them bounce off ideas to see that they are managing situations correctly or fairly. Being positive, non confrontational and seeing the big picture is key."
└► Charu (India)	Individual vs Collective	"I am not fully satisfied with this. Acc to me in order to be successful you need to be situational: it is not always true that only teamwork matters, your individual efforts also matter a lot. If you think that only by motivating your subordinates you will make it, this is not always true. To win something in your life you also have to put your best to get something in life."
└► Ram (India)	Leadership Success depends on Team	"Leadership success nowadays is a one way ticket, where the leader talks and talks, sets his goal and gets it done by his team. His ability to get accepted as a leader depends on how his team delivers."

	└► Terry (South Africa)	Unlearning	"Good idea unlearning. Ever heard the saying that "Old ideas only die, when the people who hold them die"? Unlearning should be replaced with shuffling - move leaders to new areas regularly - maybe their old ideas will die when they move, having no currency in the new environment."
	└► Arun (India)	Vision and strategy planning	"A CEO selection is also based on the past performance, and what he got and can get to the table a major criteria, his/her past baggage of ideas and practices get carried as a baggage from a different service environment. A change of place or task does not necessarily change the outlook, it acts on most counts as a silent backdrop, and gets splurged in discussions, as past historical data as a benchmark. Hence many CEO's with the change in seat of power have been far from succesfull achievers."

                       
                        └► Sam Sham (Canada)
                        
                      Buddha's Leadership Models
                      "Very interesting. Would you please point out the source of this statement? I am working on a research paper about leadership theory of se asia.

Sam"

└► Sherring-lucas (UK)	Kanter	"Look using Rosabeth M Kanter. Harvard lecturer. Hope this helps"
└► Julie Garnett (England)	R M Kanter Leadership Theory	"Hi there I am searching high and low and CANNOT find her theory on leadership, tried R M Kanter Harvard lecturer as someone kindly suggested which does bring her up but cannot find her theory."
└► Daniel Mitchell (Singapore)	Leadership Theory of RM Kanter	"Guide to management theory of Rosabeth Moss Kanter Understanding Kanter's change model to Patricia Flinsch-Rodriguez, freelance writer, self-employed Rosabeth Moss Kanter has written extensively on the subject of change management. Kanter's management theory provides a framework that you may use to improve your organization's efficiency. Kanter's theory suggests that the way an organization operates is an integral component in how employees derive their attitudes and behaviors. The Moss Kanter theory proposes that employees exhibit different behaviors based upon whether certain structural supports were in place. The following precepts sum up the management theory of rosabeth moss kanter: 1. Power is derived from formal and informal sources. 2. Staff requires access to resources to meet organizational goals. 3. Increase staff knowledge and skills and they will be more productive."
└► Julie Garnett (United Kingdom)	Kanter	"Thanks, I did manage to find a lot more about her. The presentation I did was too crammed with info because I wanted to tell everyone all about her ha ha."

	└► Pam Brooks (USA)	Bad CEO	"Yes you can tell if you know what you are looking for. I am a certified behavior analyst and work with a large executive staffing firm here in the US. I have helped them with all of their top placements and they have been amazingly accurate for the past three years. (Thinking, Behaviors, Motivation) the three keys to understand."
	└► Gopalakrishna Bhat (India)	Recognizing a Bad CEO	"I am not sure if you are referring to the behavioral or functional aspect of CEO. In my opinion, one can identify behavioral aspects very quickly. However the functional part can not be evaluated immediately. There are different ways for performing same task though!. Time and results would answer that."

                       
                        └► Fakhra Naeem (India)
                        
                      Neo Charismatic Theory of Leadership
                      "Trait basically relates with your qualities, attributes and characteristics. Whereas behavior signifies your reactions based on the traits. Charismatic leadership emphasis is on on charisma, charm and magnetism in your personality. That is power of communication and influence on other people."

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